← All lessons

Lesson 117

Signal Vowels

When followed by E, I, and Y, C spells /s/ and G spells /j/

The concept of E signaling a 'soft' C or G sound was introduced with the -CE (Lesson 60) and -GE (Lesson 61) endings. /s/: When C is followed by A, O, or U it makes the /k/ sound as in cat, cot, and cut. When C is followed by E, I, or Y it makes the /s/ sound, like in the words city and cent. /j/: When G is followed by A, O, or U it makes the /g/ sound as in game, go, and gum. When G is followed by E, I, or Y it makes the /j/ sound, like in the words gem and gym.

Today's plan

about 15 min
  1. Step 1Warm up our ears (blend & segment)2 min
  2. Steps 2 & 3Look & Say / Listen & Spell4 min
  3. Step 4Blending drill3 min
  4. Step 5New concept + read/spell6 min
Step 1

Warm Up Our Ears

Say the sounds; students blend them into a word. Then say a word; students break it apart.

Blend it (teacher says sounds → you say word)

/s/ · /i/ · /n/ · /s/since
/s/ · /e/ · /n/ · /t/cent
/j/ · /er/ · /m/ · /z/germs

Break it (I say word → you say sounds)

Steps 2 & 3

Flashcard Drills

Full-screen cards for the class. Tap a card to check the answer, or press Hear the words to hear the example words read aloud.

Step 4

Blending Drill

Change one part at a time and read the new word.

Step 5

New Concept

Today we learn another way that C can spell /s/ and G can spell /j/: when they are followed by the 'signal vowels' E, I, or Y.

Highlighted words are the ones to show and practice reading — tap one to hear it.

We have learned that the letter C can spell /s/ when it is followed by a silent E, such as the word . We have also learned that the letter G can spell /j/ when it is followed by a silent E, such as the word . Today we will learn another way that C can spell /s/ and G can spell /j/ in words. We know that the vowels are A, E, I, O, U, and sometimes Y. Of these vowels, E, I, and Y are called 'signal vowels.' These signal vowels signal, or tell us, that something will be different in a word. When C is followed by A, O, or U it makes the /k/ sound as in , , cut. When C is followed by E, I, or Y it makes the /s/ sound, like in the words and . When G is followed by A, O, or U it makes the /g/ sound as in , , gum. When G is followed by E, I, or Y it makes the /j/ sound, like in the words and .

c /s/

When C is followed by the signal vowels E, I, or Y it makes the /s/ sound, as in , , cycle.

g /j/

When G is followed by the signal vowels E, I, or Y it makes the /j/ sound, as in , , gym.

How our mouth moves

Review articulatory gestures for /s/ and /j/, as needed.

Sound wall

Add 'c' under /s/. Add 'g' under /j/.

Open the digital sound wall →